2. Ammeters and Voltmeters (Moving coil and moving iron type) (06 Periods)
2.1 Concept of ammeter and voltmeters and difference between them
2.2 Construction and working principles of moving Iron and moving coil instruments
2.3 Merits and demerits, sources of error and application of these instruments3. Wattmeters (Dynamometer Type) (06 Periods)
Construction, working principle, merits and demerits of dynamometer type wattmeter, Digital wattmeters.4. Energymeter (10 Periods)
4.1 Induction Type: Construction, working principle, merits and demerits of single-phase and three-phase energy meters
4.2 Errors and their compensation
4.3 Simple numerical problems
4.4 Construction and working principle of maximum demand indicators
4.5 Digital energy meter (diagram, construction and application) 5. Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments: (18 Periods)
5.1Construction, working principle and application of Meggar, Earth tester(analog and digital) Multimeter, Frequency meter (dynamometer type) single phase power factor meter (Electrodynamometer type). Working principle of synchroscope and phase sequence indicator, tong tester (Clamp-on meter)
5.2Instrument Transformers: Construction, working and applications
a)CT
b)PT 6. Electronic Instruments: (06 Periods)
6.1 Cathode Ray Oscilloscope: Block diagram, working principle of CRO and its various controls. Applications of CRO.
6.2Digital multi-meter (only block diagram) and Applications
7. LCR meters. (04 Periods)
Study of LCR meters and their applications
8. Power Measurements in 3-phase circuits by (04 Periods)
8.1Two wattmeter method in balanced and unbalanced circuits and simple problems
8.2Three wattmeter method
9. Transducers (10 Periods)
Introduction, Types of Transducers (1 phase,3 phase) Basic concept of pressure measurement, flow measurement, level measurement, displacement measurement using transducers
10. Measurement of Temperature (09 Periods)
Different types of thermometers, thermocouple, resistance temperature detector and their construction, principle and working. Thermal Imager Camera (Concept)
11. Smart Metering System (06 Periods)
AMI (Advance Metering Infrastructure), Functions of AMI, cyber Security, Advantages Smart Meter Technology: AMR (Automatic Metering Reading), inverse/reverse metering system in solar power plant, MRI (Meter Reading Instrument)
3. Electrical and Electronics Engineering Materials
Detailed Contents -:
1. Classification (10 Periods)
Classification of materials into conducting, semi conducting and insulating materials through a brief reference to their atomic structure and energy bands
2. Conducting Materials (12 Periods)
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Resistance and factors affecting it such as alloying and temperature etc.
2.3 Classification of conducting material as low resistivity and high resistivity materials, low resistance materials
2.3.1 Copper: General properties as conductor: Resistivity, temperature coefficient, density, mechanical properties of hard-drawn and annealed copper,
corrosion, contact resistance. Application in the field of electrical engineering.
2.3.2 Aluminium: General properties as conductor: resistivity, temperature coefficient, density, mechanical properties of hard and annealed aluminium, solderability, contact resistance. Applications in the field of electrical engineering.
2.3.3 Steel: Mechanical properties of steel, applications in the field of electrical engineering.
2.3.4 Introduction to bundle conductors and its applications.
2.3.5 Low resistivity copper alloys: Brass, Bronze (cadmium and Beryllium), their practical applications with reasons for the same
2.4 Applications of special metals e.g. Silver, Gold, Platinum etc.
2.5 High resistivity materials and their applications e.g., manganin, constantan, Nichrome, mercury, platinum, carbon and tungsten
2.6 Superconductors and their applications
3. Review of Semi-conducting Materials (12 Periods)
Semi-conductors and their properties, Materials used for electronic components like resistors, capacitors, diodes, transistors and inductors etc.
4. Insulating materials; General Properties: (10 Periods)
4.1 Electrical Properties: Volume resistivity, surface resistance, dielectric loss, dielectric strength (breakdown voltage) dielectric constant
4.2 Physical Properties: Hygroscopicity, tensile and compressive strength, abrasive resistance, brittleness
4.3 Thermal Properties: Heat resistance, classification according to permissible temperature rise. Effect of overloading on the life of an electrical appliance, increase in rating with the use of insulating materials having higher thermal stability, Thermal conductivity, Electro-thermal breakdown in solid dielectrics
4.4 Chemical Properties: Solubility, chemical resistance, weatherability
4.5 Mechanical properties, mechanical structure, tensile structure
5. Insulating Materials and their applications: (10 Periods)
5.1 Plastics
5.1.1 Definition and classification
5.1.2 Thermosetting materials: Phenol-formaldehyde resins (i.e. Bakelite) amino resins (urea formaldehyde and Melamine-formaldehyde), epoxy resins – their important properties and applications
5.1.3 Thermo-plastic materials: Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene, silicones, their important properties and applications
5.2 Natural insulating materials, properties and their applications
– Mica and Mica products – Asbestos and asbestos products
– Ceramic materials (porcelain and steatite)
– Glass and glass products
– Cotton
– Silk – Jute
– Paper (dry and impregnated)
– Rubber, Bitumen
– Mineral and insulating oil for transformers switchgear capacitors,high voltage insulated cables, insulating varnishes for coating and impregnation
–Enamels for winding wires –Glass fibre sleeves
5.3 Gaseous materials; Air, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, SF-their properties and applications
6. Magnetic Materials: (10 Periods)
6.1 Introduction – ferromagnetic materials, permeability, B-H curve, magnetic saturation, hysteresis loop including coercive force and residual magnetism, concept of eddy current and hysteresis loss, Curie temperature, magnetostriction effect.
6.2 Soft Magnetic Materials:
6.2.1 Alloyed steels with silicon: High silicon, alloy steel for transformers, low silicon alloy steel for electric rotating machines
6.2.2 Cold rolled grain oriented steels for transformer, Non-oriented steels for rotating machine
6.2.3 Nickel-iron alloys
6.2.4 Soft Ferrites
6.3 Hard magnetic materials Tungsten steel, chrome steel, hard ferrites and cobalt steel, their applications
7. Special Materials (10 Periods)
Thermocouple, bimetals, leads soldering and fuses material and their applications, thermistor, sensistor, varistors and their practical applications.
8. Materials for Electrical Machines (10 Periods)
Introduction to various engineering materials necessary for fabrication of electrical machines such as motors, generators, transformers etc
4. Digital Electronics
Detailed Contents -:
1. Number Systems (10 Periods)
1.1 Decimal, binary, octal and hexa-decimal number systems and their inter-conversion
1.2 Binary and Hexadecimal addition, subtraction and multiplication
1.3 1’s and 2’s complement methods of addition/subtraction
2. Gates (08 Periods)
Definition, symbol and truth tables for inverter, OR, AND, NAND, NOR and X-OR exclusive-AND gates
3. Boolean Algebra (12 Periods)
3.1Boolean Relations and their applications
3.2DeMorgan’s Theorems 3.3K-Map upto four variables
4. Combinational Circuits (12 Periods)
4.1 Half adder, Full adder
4.2 Encoder, Decoder
4.3 Multiplexer/Demultiplexer
4.4 Display Devices (LED, LCD and 7-segment display)
5. Flip-Flops (09 Periods)
5.1 J-K Flip-Flop
5.2 R-S Flip-Flop
5.3 D-Type Flip-Flop
5.4 T-Type Flip-Flop
5.5 Applications of Flip-Flops
6. Introduction of Shift Registers and Counters (08 Periods)
7. A/D and D/A Converters (06 Periods)
7.1 A/D converter (Counter ramp, successive approximation method of A/D Conversion)
7.2 D/A converters (Binary weighted, R-2R D/A Converter)
8. Semi Conductor Memories (05 Periods)
8.1Types of semi-conductor memories: RAM, ROM, EPROM, EEPROM
8.2Static and dynamic RAM
8.3Merits, demerits, and applications
5. Electrical Machines-1
Detailed Contents -:
1.Introduction to Electrical Machines (20 Periods)
1.1 Definition of motor and generator
1.2 Torque development due to alignment of two fields and the concept of torque angle
1.3 Electro-magnetically induced emf
1.4 Elementary concept of an electrical machine
1.5 Comparison of generator and motor
1.6 Generalized theory of electrical machines
2.DC Machines (25 Periods)
2.1 Main constructional features, Types of armature winding
2.2 Function of the commutator for motoring and generation action
2.3 Factors determining induced emf
2.4 Factors determining the electromagnetic torque
2.5 Various types of DC generators
2.6 Significance of back e.m.f., the relation between back emf and Terminal voltage
2.7 Armature Reaction
2.8 Methods to improve commutation
2.9 Performance and characteristics of different types of DC motors
2.10 Speed control of dc shunt/series motors
2.11 Need of starter, three point dc shunt motor starter and 4 point starter
2.12 Electric Braking
2.13 Applications of DC motors
2.14 Faults in dc machines and their retrospective
2.15 Losses in a DC machine
2.16 Determination of losses by Swinburne’s test
2.17 Rating and Specifications of DC machines
3.Single Phase Transformer (25 Periods)
3.1Introduction
3.2Constructional features of a transformer and parts of transformer
3.3 Working principle of a transformer
3.4 EMF equation
3.5 Transformer on no-load and its phasor diagram
3.6 Transformer – neglecting voltage drop in the windings – Ampere turn balance – its phasor diagram
3.7 Mutual and leakage fluxes, leakage reactance
3.8 Transformer on load, voltage drops and its phasor diagram
3.9 Equivalent circuit diagram
3.10 Relation between induced emf and terminal voltage, voltage regulation of a transformer- mathematical relation
3.11 Losses in a transformer
3.12 Open circuit and short circuit test. Calculation of efficiency, condition for maximum efficiency-maintenance of Transformer, scheduled Maintenance
3.13 Auto transformer construction, working and applications
3.14 Different types of transformers including dry type transformer.
3.15 Rating and Specifications of single phase transformer
4.Three Phase Transformer (14 Periods)
4.1 Construction of three phase transformers and accessories of transformers such as Conservator, breather, Buchholtz Relay, Tap Changer (off load and on load) (Brief idea)
4.2Types of three phase transformer i.e. delta-delta, delta-star, star-delta and star-star
4.3Star delta connections (relationship between phase and line voltage, phase and line current)
4.4 Conditions for parallel operation (only conditions are to be studied)
4.5 On load tap changer
4.6 Difference between power and distribution transformer
4.7 Cooling of transformer
4.8 Rating and Specifications of three phase transformers
6. Enviornmental Studies
Detailed Contents -:
1.Introduction (04 Periods)
1.1Basics of ecology, eco system- concept, and sustainable development, Resources renewable and non renewable.
2. Air Pollution (04 Periods)
2.1Source of air pollution. Effect of air pollution on human health, economy, plant, animals. Air pollution control methods.
3. Water Pollution (08 Periods)
3.1Impurities in water, Cause of water pollution, Source of water pollution. Effect of water pollution on human health, Concept of dissolved O2, BOD, COD. Prevention of water pollution- Water treatment processes, Sewage treatment. Water quality standard.
4. Soil Pollution (06 Periods)
4.1Sources of soil pollution
4.2Types of Solid waste- House hold, Hospital, From Agriculture, Biomedical, Animal and human, excreta, sediments and E-waste
4.3Effect of Solid waste 4.4Disposal of Solid Waste- Solid Waste Management
5. Noise pollution (06 Periods)
Source of noise pollution, Unit of noise, Effect of noise pollution, Acceptable noise level, Different method of minimize noise pollution.
6. Environmental Legislation (08 Periods)
Introduction to Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1974, Introduction to Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981 and Environmental Protection Act 1986, Role and Function of State Pollution Control Board and National Green Tribunal (NGT), Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA).
7. Impact of Energy Usage on Environment (06 Periods)
Global Warming, Green House Effect, Depletion of Ozone Layer, Acid Rain. Eco-friendly Material, Recycling of Material, Concept of Green Buildings.
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